Provides the bundle’s foundational energy metabolism layer. Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) is a clinically studied NAD+ precursor with demonstrated ability to raise intracellular NAD+ levels. NAD+ is required for mitochondrial energy production via dehydrogenase enzyme complexes, PARP-mediated DNA repair, and sirtuin activation — all critical for sustaining neural cellular function. NAD+ availability declines with age, progressively limiting these processes. Magnesium supports ATP-dependent enzymatic reactions and normal nervous system function — nerve signal transmission, neurotransmitter synthesis, and neurological cofactor reactions all have magnesium dependencies. Resveratrol activates SIRT1 and SIRT3 sirtuin pathways associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and stress resistance. BioPerine® enhances systemic bioavailability of key ingredients. Together these support the NAD+ and metabolic substrate foundation of neural energy.

Provides the bundle’s enzymatic antioxidant and neuromuscular cofactor layer. Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) is an enzymatic cofactor for the pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes — mitochondrial enzymes central to energy production in all tissues including neural. ALA is the only antioxidant simultaneously active in water- and fat-soluble cellular environments, and can regenerate vitamins C and E from their oxidised forms. This broad-spectrum redox activity is particularly relevant to neuronal protection, given the high lipid content of myelin sheaths and neuronal membranes. Magnesium amino acid chelate at 55mg elemental supports nerve conduction, muscle function, and over 300 ATP-dependent enzymatic reactions. Magnesium is required for glutamate receptor regulation and is involved in neurological homeostasis. The amino acid chelate form is selected for superior GI tolerability and consistent daily absorption.

Provides the bundle’s botanical antioxidant and cellular environment layer. Curcuma longa extract (20:1 concentration, equivalent to 2g dry rhizome) modulates NF-κB signalling and contributes polyphenolic antioxidant activity that supports the cellular environment in which cognitive function occurs. Standardised BioPerine® piperine (14.64mg) addresses curcumin’s inherently poor bioavailability by inhibiting rapid hepatic glucuronidation. Resveratrol (150mg) activates sirtuin pathways and provides complementary polyphenolic antioxidant support, reinforcing the Reversa NR sirtuin layer. Activated B vitamins in methylated forms contribute directly to nervous system health, energy metabolism, and neurotransmitter synthesis pathways — making CurcuNova’s B vitamin content specifically relevant to the cognitive support positioning of this bundle. Together these provide the botanical and nervous system support dimension of the protocol.

Adds the electron transport chain layer to the Core System. Ubidecarenone (CoQ10) at 150mg is the essential electron carrier in the mitochondrial inner membrane, directly involved in ATP synthesis across all high-demand tissues. In the context of cognitive support, CoQ10 is particularly relevant to maintaining ATP output in neural tissue where energy demand is continuous and NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase activity is high. CoQ10 also functions as a lipid-soluble antioxidant protecting the mitochondrial membranes where the electron transport chain operates — complementing ALA’s broad-spectrum redox protection in MagLipo Core. Natural CoQ10 biosynthesis declines from age 30; for individuals over 35 or those on statin therapy, the Maximum Potency System provides more comprehensive mitochondrial energy support coverage across both the NAD+ and electron transport layers simultaneously.